American Psychological Association. (2020). Academic writer tutorial: Basics of seventh edition APA style [Online tutorial]. APA Style, Tutorials and Webinars. https://apastyle.apa.org/instructional-aids/tutorials-webinars
Creative projects often require input from many resources. Contributing information you use can be overlooked during the writing process, therefore it's important to cite your sources to avoid plagiarism, which is "to represent oneself as the author of some work that is in fact the work of someone else is to plagiarize. Plagiarism may include the 'passing off' of the form of the work—for example, the exact words of a piece of writing—or the intellectual content, or both" (Pickering, 2008).
Use the following techniques and citation tools while completing research projects.
Paraphrasing is often defined as putting a passage from an author into “your own words.”
To successfully paraphrase, consider following these steps from the University of Wisconsin Madison's Writing Center:
Pickering, J. W. (2008). Plagiarism. In V. N. Parrillo, Encyclopedia of social problems. Sage Publications. Credo Reference: https://ezproxy.simmons.edu/login?url=https://search.credoreference.com/content/entry/sagesocprob/plagiarism/0?institutionId=5600
Title pages for professional papers include the following:
You can use either serif or sans serif fonts (APA, 2020, p. 44). Elements of the title page are double-spaced, and an additional double-spaced blank line appears between the title and byline. At least one double-spaced blank line also appears between the final affiliation and any author note (APA, 2020, p. 45). The author note is omitted in this example. You may be required to use different formatting, so follow your course instructor's requests.
TITLE OF PAGE 1
Title of Paper
Student Name
School of Nursing, Simmons University
American Psychological Association. (2020). Publication manual of the American Psychological Association. (7th ed.).
Prepare the references on a new page. Alphabetize by first word. Make a hanging indent for each reference. References are based on what you cite in your paper, therefore your paper will have some form of in-text citation matching its reference.
Note: A running head might be required to be consistent with the professional version of APA papers, so it was added to the following example.
TITLE OF PAGE 10
References
American Heart Association [@American_Heart]. (2018, March 22). Depression could increase the risk of a serious heart rhythm condition called atrial fibrillation, new research shows [Tweet]. Twitter. https://twitter.com/American_Heart/status/976949152843223040?s=20
Centers for Disease Control and Prevention.1 (2019, December 9). Atrial fibrillation. https://www.cdc.gov/heartdisease/atrial_fibrillation.htm
Cole, C. S., & Zimmerman, R. (2017). Anticoagulant options in atrial fibrillation: When new treatments become standard practice. Nurse Practitioner, 42(12), 29–35. https://doi.org/10.1097/01.NPR.0000526766.99089.4e
Michaud, G. F. & Stevenson, W. G. (2018). Atrial fibrillation. In Jameson J., Fauci A. S., Kasper D. L., Hauser S. L., Longo D. L., Loscalzo J. (Eds.), Harrison's principles of internal medicine, (20th ed.). McGraw-Hill.
RegisteredNurseRN. (2015, June 26). How to interpret heart rhythms on EKG strips | How to tell the difference between a-fib & a-flutter [Video]. YouTube https://youtu.be/Ku4sqAKk5jI
| Author | Date | Title | Source | |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Periodical information |
DOI or URL | |||
| Author, A. A., & Author, B. B. Name of Group. Author, C. C. [username]. Username. |
(2020). (2020, January). (2020, February, 16). |
Title of article. | Title of Periodical, 34(2), 5–14. Title of Periodical, 2(1–2), Article 12. Title of Periodical. |
https://doi.org/xxxx https://xxxx |
Cole, C. S., & Zimmerman, R. (2017). Anticoagulant options in atrial fibrillation: When new treatments become standard practice.1 Nurse Practitioner, 42(12),2 29–35. https://doi.org/10.1097/01.NPR.0000526766.99089.4e 3
Parenthetical citation: (Cole & Zimmerman, 2017)
Narrative citation: Cole & Zimmerman (2017)
1. Capitalize first word of title and subtitle. This is called sentence case.
2. Italicize journal title and volume number. Use title case, capitalizing major parts of speech.
3. "Include a DOI for all works that have a DOI, regardless of whether you used the online version or the print version" (APA publication manual, 2020, p.299).
| Chapter author | Date | Chapter title | Source | |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Edited book information |
DOI or URL | |||
| Author, A. A., & Author, B. B. Name of Group. Author, C. C. |
(2020). (2020). |
Title of chapter. | In E. E. Editor (Ed.), Title of book, (pp. 3-13). Publisher Name. In E. E. Editor & F. F. Editors (Eds.), Title of book, (3rd ed., Vol. 2, pp. 212-255). Publisher Name. |
https://doi.org/xxxx https://xxxx |
Michaud, G. F. & Stevenson, W. G. (2018). Atrial fibrillation.1 In Jameson J., Fauci A. S., Kasper D. L., Hauser S. L., Longo D. L., Loscalzo J. (Eds.), Harrison's principles of internal medicine, (20th ed.).2 McGraw-Hill.
Parenthetical citation: (Michaud & Stevenson, 2018)
Narrative citation: Michaud & Stevenson (2018)
1. Cite the chapter authors and title first.
2. Use the preposition "In" for the editors and book title.
| Author | Date | Title | Source | |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Publisher | URL | |||
| Director, D. D. (Director). Producer, P. P. (Executive Producer). Host, H. H. (Host). Artist, A. A. Uploader, U. U. |
(2020). (1989–present). (2013–2019). (2019, July 21). |
Title of work [Description]. |
Production Company. Label. Museum Name, Museum Location. Department Name, University Name. |
https://xxxx |
| Author | Date | Title | Source | |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Publisher | URL | |||
| Writer, W. W. (Writer), & Director, D. D. (Director). Host, H. H. (Host). Producer, P. P. (Producer) Composer, C. C. Artist, A. A. |
(2020). (2020, March 26). |
Title of episode (Season No., Episode No.) [Description]. Title of song [Description]. |
In P. P. Producer (Executive Producer), Title of TV series. Production Company. In Title of podcast. Production Company. On Title of album. Label. |
https://xxxx |
RegisteredNurseRN.1 (2015, June 26). How to interpret heart rhythms on EKG strips | How to tell the difference between a-fib & a-flutter [Video].2 YouTube https://youtu.be/Ku4sqAKk5jI
Parenthetical citation: (RegisteredNurseRN, 2015)
Narrative citation: RegisteredNurseRN (2015)
1. Use the name of the up-loader as author in this case.
2. Use square brackets for description of media.
| Author | Date | Title | Source | |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Social media site | URL | |||
| Twitter and Instagram: Author, A. A. [@username]. Name of Group [@username]. Facebook and others: Author, A. A. Name of Group. Name of Group [Username]. Username. |
(n.d.). (2019, August 8). |
Content of the post up to the first 20 words. Content of the post up to the first 20 words [Description of audiovisuals]. [Description of audiovisuals]. |
Site Name. | https://xxxx Retrieved August 27, 2020 from https://xxxx |
American Heart Association [@American_Heart].1 (2018, March 22). Depression could increase the risk of a serious heart rhythm condition called atrial fibrillation, new research shows [Tweet].2 Twitter. https://twitter.com/American_Heart/status/976949152843223040?s=20
Parenthetical citation: (American Heart Association, 2018)
Narrative citation: American Heart Association (2015)
1. Use the name of author or group and username in square brackets.
2. Include the media description in square brackets.
| Author | Date | Title | Source | |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Website name | URL | |||
| Author, A. A., & Author, B. B. Name of Group. |
(2020). (2020, August). (2020, September 28). (n.d.). |
Title of work. |
Site Name. | https://xxxx Retrieved December 22, 2020 from https://xxxx |
Centers for Disease Control and Prevention.1 (2019, December 9). Atrial fibrillation. https://www.cdc.gov/heartdisease/atrial_fibrillation.htm
Parenthetical citation: (Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, 2019)
Narrative citation: Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (2019)
1. When the author is the same as the site, omit the site name.
American Psychological Association. (2020). Publication manual of the American Psychological Association. (7th ed.).
References for clinical practice appear throughout the APA Publication Manual. This page contains reference examples for clinical practice.
American Psychological Association. (2020). Clinical practice references. APA Style. https://apastyle.apa.org/style-grammar-guidelines/references/examples/clinical-practice-references
Sometimes reference elements are unknown or missing and the reference list entry must be adapted. See the table below for a summary of how reference elements are assembled and adjusted when information is missing (APA, 2020, p. 283).
| Missing element | Solution | Template | |
|---|---|---|---|
| Reference list entry | In-text citation | ||
| Nothing—all elements are present | Provide the author, date, title, and source of the work. | Author. (Date). Title. Source. |
(Author, year) Author (year) |
| Author | Provide the title, date, and source. | Title. (Date). Source. | (Title, year) Title (year) |
| Date | Provide the author, write "n.d." for "no date," and then provide the title and source. | Source. | (Author, n.d.) Author (n.d.) |
| Title | Provide the author and date, describe the work in square brackets, and then provided the source. | Author. (Date). [Description of work]. Source. |
(Author, year) Author (year) |
| Author and date | Provide the title, write "n.d." for "no date," and then provide the source. | Title. (n.d.). Source. | (Title, n.d.) Title (n.d.) |
| Author and title | Describe the work in square brackets, and then provide the date and source. | [Description of work]. (Date). Source. |
([Description of work], year) [Description of work] (year) |
| Date and title | Provide the author, write "n.d." for "no date," describe the work in square brackets, and then provide the source. | Author. (n.d.) [Description of work]. Source. |
(Author, n.d.) Author (n.d.) |
| Author, date, and title | Describe the work in square brackets, write "n.d." for "no date," and then provide the source. | [Description of work]. (n.d.). Source. |
([Description of work], n.d.) [Description of work] (n.d.) |
| Source | Cite as a personal communication (see Section 8.9 [APA Publication Manual]) or find another work to cite (see Section 9.37). | No reference list entry | (C. C. Communicator, personal communication, month day, year) C. C. Communicator (personal communication, month day, year) |
American Psychological Association. (2020). Publication manual of the American Psychological Association. (7th ed.).
| Author type | Parenthetical citation | Narrative citation |
|---|---|---|
| One author | (Luna, 2020) | Luna (2020) |
| Two authors | (Salas & D'Agostino, 2020) | Salas & D'Agostino (2020) |
| Three or more authors | (Martin et al., 2020) | Martin et al. (2020) |
| Group authors with abbreviation First citation a Subsequent citations |
(National Institute of Mental Health [NIMH], 2020) (NIMH, 2020) |
National Institute of Mental Health (NIMH, 2020) NIMH (2020) |
| Group authors without abbreviation | (Stanford University, 2020) | Stanford University (2020) |
a Define the abbreviation for a group author only once in the text, choosing either the parenthetical or the narrative format. Thereafter, use the abbreviation for all mentions of the group in the text.
(APA, 2020, p. 264)
(Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, 2019, p. 10)
(Shimamura, 2017, Chapter 3)
(Armstrong, 2015, pp. 3–17)
(Shadid, 2020, paras. 2–3)
(Kovačič & Horvat, 2019, Table 1)
(Thompson, 2020, Slide 7)
(Beck Institute of Cognitive Behavior Therapy, 2012, 1:30:40)
American Psychological Association. (2020). Publication manual of the American Psychological Association. (7th ed.).
This page contains sample papers formatted in seventh edition APA Style.
American Psychological Association. (2020). Publication manual of the American Psychological Association. (7th ed.).
American Psychological Association. (2020). Sample papers. APA style. https://apastyle.apa.org/style-grammar-guidelines/paper-format/sample-papers
Find great tips and advice from the Owl and the APA website and blog
The majority of the Library's e-resources can generate a single citation for you. Places to look for the Cite Button or other Citation Tools in E-Resources:
This is a selection of other citation generators & tools that can help you create citations and manage bibliographies. Remember, though, that no online citation generator is 100% accurate. Please be sure to check your citations to make sure that they're correct!
American Psychological Association. (2020). Publication manual of the American Psychological Association. (7th ed.).
Card, N. A., & Card. (2010). Literature review. In N. J. Salkind (Ed.), Encyclopedia of research design. Sage Publications.
